HOW TO MAKE NATURAL PESTICIDES:

CUT COST AND SAVE ENVIRONMENT

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Natural or Botanical Pesticides?

Good gardening practice is to grow plants in ways that reduce the threat from weeds, pests and diseases. Choose plants well suited to the conditions and where possible have innate resistance to problems. Providing good drainage, crop rotations, mulching, well-planned pruning regimes and allowing sufficient space for plants can avoid problems

Natural or Botanical Pesticides are organic and natural pesticides that are derived from plants and minerals, that have naturally occurring defensive properties.

They are popular because they are cheap, easy to make, very active, no residual effects on crops, you spray and eat your vegetable, act fast, does not harm other non targeted animals
and no pest develops resistance against them.

How Plants Pesticides work

#Repellants: drives the insect away from the host plant by their smell and taste

#Anti_feedants: causes insects feeding on plants to reduce their food intake until they die from starvation

#Oviposition: deterrents which prevents insects from laying eggs

#Inhibition: stops the development of different stages of the insects

In our bid to conserve environment and mitigate climate change effects, and most importantly live a healthy life free of diseases this is the way to go...

Plants Used: Neem, marigold, tithonia, garlic, ginger, onion, black jack, sodom apple, aloevera, euphobia, chillies, stinging nettle, spiderplant, corriander, lemon grass, tobacco, pyrethrum etc



Plant Pesticide Preparation

1. NEEM (MWARUBAINE)

• Leaves or seeds crushed or ground. One kg of ground or crushed leaves or seeds are then put in a cloth bag and soaked in 20l of water for 24 hrs.
• Then sieve.
• This mixture or extract from seeds are more effective in controlling pests.
• Neem can also be absorbed through plant roots if it sprayed around the plants.
• The chemical absorbed by the plant can kill sucking such as white flies and leaf miners.
• This mixture is enough to spray 0.5 of an acre.

 2. CHILLIESHOT PEPPERS

• Chop 500grm (2 cups) of fresh fruits of chilies.
• Mix with 5lts of water and leave for 24hrs (boil chilies for twenty minute to make plant tea).
• Sieve the extract and add another 5 lts of water then add an equal amount of bar soapy water to make 20 lts of water enough to treat half an acre and then spray.
• Precautions: use the correct ratio of chilies and water because at higher concentration, the spray will destroy the crop. Prepare a solution which is enough for the area to be sprayed. Avoid spraying during hot or windy weather and dispose the remaining solution by diluting the content and pouring them in the soil.

3. MEXICAN MARIGOLD

• Cut Mexican marigold plant at flowering stage
• Chop the plants to fill half 50 lts drum
• Add 20 lts of water. Cover the drum and allow the component to stay in water for 5-10 days
• Stir the content in the drum once every 2 days to fasten decomposition
• After 5-10days, remove the decomposed Mexican gold and sieve the extract it
• Dilute the mixture with 10 ltrs of soapy water and spray.
• The solution is enough to spray half an acre

Target: CBD, rice blast, tomato blight

NB: extracts of Mexican marigold and chilies can be combined and used as a spray to control several pests. The mixture is more effective on wider range of pests than when each is used alone.
Mexican marigold can be planted around the vegetable fields to repel various insect pests
The decomposed material of Mexican marigold can be used as mulch on vegetables such as kales and cabbages

4. TITHONIA DIVERSIFOLIS (MBEGU RAISI)

• This planting is used for fencing by many farmers and is easily available.
• Crush 2 kgs of fresh leaves and soak in 5ltrs of water for 3 days then sieve and spray to control blight, mildew, rust and black spot.
• When mixed with onions or garlic or hot pepper, the mixture is effective against diseases as well various insect pests.
• The tithonia leaves can also be used as mulch to improve soil fertility.

5. GARLIC AND ONIONS

• Useful as a repellant against many pests if intercropped with other crops.
• Crush 2kg of garlic or onions (1 gorogoro) or both (1kg of each) and leave in 20 litres of water for 24hrs.
• Sieve and spray or mix with any other botanical pesticide such as chilies, Mexican or neem
• 20 ltrs of extract is enough to spray half an acre

6. GINGER ( TANGAWISI)

• Grind 100 grams of ginger to make paste
• Add 5 lts of water and soap and stir
• Target: aphids, hoppers, thrips, anthracnose, yellow vein mosaic

7. LEMON GRASS ( MAJAND LUM)

• Soak 100 grams of lemon grass in 5 lts of water for 3 hrs and add soap.
• Target : leaf blight, bactericidal

8. STINGING NETTLE ( AYILA)

• Crush 5kg (two and a half gorogoro) of stinging nettle in 10 ltrs of water
• Leave in water for 24 hrs
• Sieve and spray
• 10 litres is enough for half an acre

9. SPIDER WEED (CHINSAKA\ DEK)

• Dry and burn the mature plants
• Mix 2kg ashes with 20 lts of water
• Spray to control aphids in vegetable

 10. ALOE VERA ( OGAKA)

• Grind 5kg aloe to get extract.
• Mix with 50 ltrs of water
• Add soap
• Target: armyworms, hairy leaf caterpillar, stem borer, bacterial and fungicidal

 11. CORRIANDER( DHANIA)

• Crush 200 grams of seeds
• Boil in 4lts of water for 20 min
• Strain and add soap
• Target: spider mites, antifungal

 12.PAWPAW LEAF EXTRACT

• Shred  ½ kg of leaves, squeeze and get extract
• Dilute the extract in 3 litre of water
• Add soap
• Target : leaf rust, mosaic virus, powdery mildew, caterpillars
• 
  

  13. TOBACCO

• Boil 250 grams( 4 cups) of tobacco leaves or cigarette ends (1 cup) in 14 ltrs of water for 20 min to make a strong tea and leave the content to cool and the sieve.
• Add 20 litres of soapy water and then spray
• Solution enough for half an acre

Precautions

Tobacco is poisonous  therefore should be kept away from animal and humans. Do not harvest the sprayed crop until after three to four days. Avoid spraying tall crops


14.GLIRICIDIA 

• Grind ½ kg leaves and add into 20 lts of water
• Soak overnight
• Filter and add soap
• Target: army worms , cabbage loppers, tobacco budworm

 15. PYRETHRUM

• Boil 1kg (half gorogoro) of pyrethrum flower in 10 ltrs of water to make a strong tea. Allow to cool and sieve
• Another way of making the extract is to crush 1kg of pyrethrum flowers and soak in 10 ltrs of water for 18 hrs and then sieve
• Add 10 litres of soapy water to dilute the pyrethrum, then spray.
• Enough to spray half an acre

 16.  ANIMAL URINE ( LACH JAMNI)

• Mix 5o ml of urine in 50kg of water
• Sprinkle on the plant

Target: fungal and bacterial diseases

 MILK

• Add 1 ltr of milk to 10 ltr of water
• And spray after every one week.
• 
  
• Target: powdery mildew, mosaic virus, blight and other fungal diseases

  17. FINGER EUPHOBIA

• Pound 1kg of leaves
• Add 10 litres of water and soap
• Target: cut worm, DBM. Termites.

HOW TO SPRAY PLANT PESTICIDES

• You can use knapsack sprayer, watering jar or a soft broom
• Most plant pesticides do not require protective equipment.
• Cover your eyes and nose when spraying chilies and tobacco
• In order to avoid strong wings and hot sun, spray early in the morning or late in the evening
• Repeat spraying whenever slight pest damage is observed.